蜂蜜掺假鉴别技术的研究进展与对策建议

袁玉伟,张志恒,叶雪珠,杨桂玲,孙彩霞,于国光

(浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所,浙江杭州310021)

摘要:蜂蜜掺假是蜂蜜质量安全管理和消费者普遍关心的问题,也影响到蜂蜜产品的出口贸易。本文介绍了蜂蜜掺假的基本特点和几种鉴别蜂蜜掺假的检测技术,分析认为稳定性碳同位素比值、近红外光谱、色谱技术、酶活性检测、显微镜检、差示扫描量热法和旋光法具有不同的检测特点和适用范围。基于一种方法难以确证蜂蜜掺假的问题,提出加强多种方法联合检测技术、混合蜂蜜确证技术和构建蜂密产品溯源与指纹图谱库的建议,以保障蜂密产品的质量安全。

关键词:蜂蜜;掺假;检测;鉴别;质量安全

 

Research Progress in the Detection of Honey Adulteration

 

YUAN Yu-wei,ZHANG Zhi-heng,YE Xue-zhu,YANG Gui-ling,SUN Cai-xia,YU Guo-guang

(Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China)

Abstract:The adulteration of honey is generally concerned by consumers and management departments of safety and quality. The adulteration of honey also affects the export of honey trade. In this paper, some basic characteristics and detection methods of honey adulteration has been reviewed. Stable carbon isotopic ratio technology, near-infrared spectroscopy, chromatogram analysis, enzymatic activity detection, microscopic analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and optical rotation detection were discussed based on their specialties and application ranges. Combinatorial detection methods for honey adulteration were proposed to identify the mixture of honey and set up a traceability system or fingerprint data for honey products, which may be important to ensure safety and quality of honey.

Key words:honey;adulteration;detection technology;discrimination method;safety and quality

中图分类号:S896.8 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-6630(2010)09-0318-05

中国是蜂蜜生产、消费和出口大国,蜂蜜富含多种营养物质,风味独特,极具保健作用和营养价值,是国内消费和出口贸易的重要农产品之一。据国家统计局统计,2008年蜂蜜产量在35万t以上,比2007年增加了10%左右,其中2008年的出口量在8.5万t,而国内市场的需求量也在20万t左右。蜂蜜价格相对较高,产量难以满足市场需求,且种类繁多,成分复杂,很容易造假掺假;而鉴别耗时费力,技术难度大。因此,蜂蜜中面临的主要质量安全问题就是药物残留超标和掺假造假,而后者占据了蜂蜜市场的20%~30%,有些地区掺假造假的蜂产品占50%左右[1]。陈兰珍等[2]检测蜂蜜中C4植物糖含量,发现71个样品中掺假蜂蜜有44个,掺假比例高达62%。美国FDA于2008年11月19日发出掺假蜂蜜预警,要求对所有国家进口的蜂蜜进行13C/12C的同位素比值测定,对于掺假蜂蜜进行自动扣留[3]。

因此,蜂蜜的掺假和造假已经影响到蜂蜜产业的健康发展、出口贸易创汇和消费者的权益保护,需要加强对蜂蜜掺假与真伪鉴别技术的研究。本文对近年来不同的鉴别技术进行综述分析,提出了加强蜂蜜真伪鉴别技术研究的建议。